ABSTRACT
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent cardiometabolic disorder in India and is further projected to rise (10.4% by 2030). In newly diagnosed patients, maintaining HbA1c 6.5-7.0% and minimizing glycaemic exposure, particularly during the first year following diagnosis, may be crucial for preventing complications. Early treatment initiation with a synergistic combination of vildagliptin and metformin is one of the many possible combinations to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. In view of emerging clinical evidence on early initiation of combination therapy than monotherapy with metformin, there is a need for expert consensus on the use of the current approved Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) of Metformin SR + Vildagliptin IR in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Experts framed final consensus statements based on available scientiûc evidence, experience and collective clinical judgment from practical experience this FDC.
ABSTRACT
Background: Psoriatic nail changes predispose to onychomycosis because it becomes easier for fungi to penetrate an already compromised nail plate. Moreover, some of the psoriatic nail changes closely resemble onychomycosis. Aim: To investigate cases of nail psoriasis for any evidence of onychomycosis. Methods: Seventy-two patients with psoriasis were included in the study. The patients were selected from the psoriasis clinic and dermatology in-patient ward. Direct microscopic examination with 20% KOH and culture were carried out in all patients showing psoriatic nail changes. Histopathological examination with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain was done in cases negative by KOH examination and culture. Results: Nail changes were seen in 66.66% (48/72) of psoriasis patients. The most common fingernail changes observed were pitting, onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis, and the most common toenail changes were onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis. Nail changes were significantly more common in males. The duration of skin lesions of psoriasis and Psoriasis Area Severity Index scores were significantly higher in patients with nail changes. Out of 48 patients with psoriatic nail change, 23 (47.91%) had investigative evidence of onychomycosis. The fungal isolates on culture were non-dermatophytic molds in nine patients (18.75%) and yeast like fungi also in nine patients (18.75%). Conclusion: Coexistent onychomycosis in psoriatic nails does occur.